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Mug
A mug is a type of cup used for drinking hot beverages, such as coffee, tea, hot chocolate or soup. Mugs usually have handles, and hold a larger amount of fluid than other types of cup. Usually a mug holds approximately of liquid; double a tea cup . A mug is a less formal style of drink container and is not usually used in formal place settings, where a teacup or coffee cup is preferred. Shaving mugs are used to assist in wet shaving.
Ancient mugs were usually carved in wood or bone or shaped of clay, while most modern ones are made of ceramic materials such as earthenware, bone china, porcelain or stoneware. Some are made from strengthened glass, such as Pyrex. Other materials, including plastic, steel and enameled metal are preferred where break resistance and reduced weight are at a premium, such as for campers. A travel mug is insulated and has a cover with a small sipping opening to prevent spills. Techniques such as silk screen printing or decals are used to apply decorations such as logos or images, which are fired onto the mug to ensure permanence.
==History==
The first pottery was shaped by hands and was later facilitated by invention of the potter's wheel (date unknown, between 6,500 and 3000 BCE). It was relatively easy to add a handle to a cup in the process thus producing a mug. For example, a rather advanced, decorated clay mug from 4000–5000 BCE was found in Greece.〔(Ceramic Web Page Tutorials ). Ceramicstudies.me.uk. Retrieved on 2012-11-16.〕 The biggest disadvantage of those clay mugs was thick walls unfit for the mouth. The walls were thinned
with development of metalworking techniques. Metal mugs were produced from bronze,〔(The Collection – Archaeology ). Thomaslayton.org.uk. Retrieved on 2012-11-16.〕 silver, gold〔(Mycenean Art ). Visual-arts-cork.com. Retrieved on 2012-11-16.〕 and even lead,〔(Lead drinking cup ). Nicks.com.au. Retrieved on 2012-11-16.〕 starting from roughly 2000 BCE and were hard to use with hot drinks. Wooden mugs were produced probably from the oldest time, but most of them have not survived intact. The invention of porcelain around 600 CE in China brought a new era of thin-walled mugs suitable both for cold and hot liquids, which are enjoyed today.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Porcelain )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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